Host–multiparasite interactions in amphibians: a review - PMC
Amphibians host a wide array of microparasites (e.g., viruses, bacteria, and fungi), protists (flagellata, amoebae, sporozoans, and ciliates), and macroparasites (e.g., helminths, arthropods, and leeches) , many of which can have devastating effects on distinct populations and even on entire species [2, 3]. Accordingly, parasites and their ...
Amphibians play a crucial role in their ecosystems where they act as secondary consumers: prey for avian, snake and mammalian species and predator of insects, fish, and other invertebrates (Duellman and Trueb 1986).
Host–multiparasite interactions in amphibians: a review
2021年6月3日 · Disease-causing bacteria can be obligate or opportunistic parasites of amphibians, capable of inducing localized and systemic infections [1, 86, 87]. Bacterial infections reported in wild and captive amphibians are mainly induced by Gram-negative bacteria [1, 86].
Aeromonas hydrophila In Amphibians: Harmless Bystander or Opportunistic …
I therefore conclude that Ah is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, scavenging on anurans only after mortality events. This research is the first known study to quantitatively assess Ah in amphibians in conjunction with Bd.
The amphibian immune system | Philosophical Transactions of the …
2023年6月12日 · In this review we lay out what is known about the innate and adaptive immune system of X. laevis including the lymphoid organs as well as how other amphibian immune systems are similar or different. Furthermore, we will describe how the amphibian immune system responds to some viral, bacterial and fungal insults.
Because abundance, status, and habitat requirements of most amphibian species are poorly understood in Alaska , the Inventory & Monitoring Program developed an opportunistic amphibian inventory to gather baseline information.
Ancient behaviors of larval amphibians in response to an …
2008年9月19日 · We examined how a globally emerging amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (BD), affected two key evolutionarily persistent behaviors displayed by amphibian larvae: aggregation and thermoregulation. Larval aggregation behavior is often essential for foraging, thermoregulation, and antipredator defense, but varies among species.
Opportunistic Cannibalism by Amphibian Larvae in Temporary …
Manuel E. Ortiz-Santaliestra, María José Fernández-Benéitez, Adolfo Marco Density effects on ammonium nitrate toxicity on amphibians. Survival, growth and cannibalism, Aquatic Toxicology 110-111 (Apr 2012): 170–176.
Stable Isotopes Reveal Trophic Partitioning and Trophic Plasticity …
2015年6月19日 · We found that the opportunistic amphibian feeding was greatly conditioned by intra- and interspecific competition whereas non-consumptive predator effects were negligible. Determining the trophic plasticity of amphibians can help us understand natural and anthropogenic changes in aquatic ecosystems and assess amphibians' ability to adjust to ...
Opportunistic Cannibalism by Amphibian Larvae in Temporary …
Numerous investigations, citing occurrences of cannibalism and/or oophagy in over 100 species of reptiles and amphibians, were reviewed with particular emphasis on predator/prey characteristics,…