Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells employ a polymer membrane with acid side groups to conduct ... The energy required for swelling (or shrinking) of the membrane depends on the material ...
While proton exchange membrane (PEM) and alkaline water electrolyzers ... which impacts long-term stability. Advances in AEM materials, particularly those enhancing chemical durability ...
Iridium-based catalysts are needed to produce hydrogen using water electrolysis. Now, a team at HZB has shown that the newly developed P2X catalyst, which requires only a quarter of the iridium, is as ...
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as it does not have to force electrons through membranes. However, it still requires more power for the cryogenic separation process. It does not use any critical raw materials. More than PEM, it ...