Diagnostic flexible cystoscopy is a routine procedure performed in outpatient clinics and hospitals under local anesthetic: at least 220,000 took place in 2004–2005. Significant bacteriuria ...

Cystoscopy is the reference standard for bladder cancer detection, and is also used to monitor patients with a history of the disease. The procedure is, however, invasive, and some patients find ...

When John noticed blood in his urine, he consulted his doctor and was quickly referred to a urologist. (John is a composite character, based on the experiences of real-life patients.) John was ...

Bhattacharya attributed the high diagnosis rates to the increased use of cystoscopy, an invasive diagnostic procedure ... Bhattacharya emphasised the need for comprehensive research and improved ...