At the cathode side, carbon-based gas diffusion layers (GDL) can be employed. The state-of-the-art materials used as PEM currently consist of PFSA-based polymers with a PTFE backbone and sulfonic acid ...
While proton exchange membrane (PEM) and alkaline water electrolyzers (AWEs ... However, AEMs face technical challenges, especially degradation under alkaline conditions, which impacts long-term ...
While proton exchange membrane (PEM) and alkaline water electrolyzers ... which impacts long-term stability. Advances in AEM materials, particularly those enhancing chemical durability ...
In particular, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells operate at relatively low temperature of 80˚C or less ... which may be achieved by proper selection of materials. Currently, durability and ...