Electrospray (ES) thrusters generate low thrust via the electrostatic extraction of charged species from an electrified liquid. These systems are characterized by the propellant used and emission mode ...

Electric space propulsion systems, which accelerate ions or plasmas to very high exhaust velocities, are becoming more common. The DLR Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology in Göttingen is ...

But space agencies like NASA, ESA, and France’s CNES have been experimenting with electric thrusters for decades, in a bid for a cleaner, more efficient way to propel satellites. A few startups ...