The period of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258) has long been recognized as the formative period of Islamic civilization with its various achievements in the areas of science, literature, and culture.
In 771, the Abbasid Caliph al-Mansour chose Raqqa to ... By 2004, Raqqa was the sixth largest city in Syria, with a predominantly Sunni Arab population of 220,000. Raqqa was a centre of the ...