Substances that consist of covalent molecules are usually gases or liquids at room temperature. Ionic bonds are formed between a metal and non-metal, for example, sodium chloride. Outer electrons ...

Covalent bonds are strong and require substantial amounts of energy to break. Covalent bond: a shared pair of electrons. Molecule: two or more atoms covalently bonded together.

This attraction pulls the atoms together and the electrons are shared by both atoms. The atoms bond because there is a strong enough attraction in both directions and room for the electrons in the ...

Calcium becomes a +2 ion and each chlorine becomes a -1 ion. The +2 calcium ion and the two -1 chloride ions attract each other and form an ionic bond and the compound calcium chloride. One calcium ...